SECRET HAVING PLACES-WONDERFULNESS

                            SECRET HAVING PLACES-WONDERFULNESS

Everyone has heard of the Bermuda Triangle and the mysteries that surround it. Theories about this area range from reasonable to just plain ridiculous, but whether you believe it’s the site of time warps, alien abductions, or just plain paranoia, it certainly abounds with strangeness. It’s not the only place you can find creepy things happening, however—here are 10 other places on Earth with their fair share of mysteries:

 1.  Superstition Mountains-Superstition-Mountains 3614 990X742

The Superstition Mountains are a mountain range located east of Phoenix, Arizona. Already it’s off to a great start with the name.

According to legend, sometime in the 1800s a man named Jacob Waltz discovered a huge goldmine within the mountains that has since been dubbed the Lost Dutchman’s Gold Mine (because Waltz was German, and eh, close enough). He kept the location a secret until his deathbed, upon which he may or may not (depending on which version of the story you’re reading) have told a single person the secret. Regardless, the mine has never been found, in spite of many expeditions. Some say the spirits of people who’ve lost their lives in search of the gold still haunt the mountains.

One reportedly Native American legend goes that the treasures of the mountains are guarded by creatures called Tuar-Tums (“Little People”) that live below the mountains in caves and tunnels. Some Apaches believe that the entrance to hell is located in the mountains. This is, of course, ridiculous, as we all know the entrance to hell is in Sunnydale.

2.   South Atlantic Anomaly-200710 Saa

Did you ever wonder if there was a Bermuda Triangle in Space? No? Well you’re probably wondering it now, and you’re in luck! Because there totally is, and it’s called the South Atlantic Anomaly. The SAA is the area where the band of radiation known as Earth’s inner Van Allen belt comes closest to the Earth’s surface.

It’s an area centered just a bit off the coast of Brazil, and it’s responsible for numerous problems with satellites and spacecraft, from messing up their programs to actually shutting down their function. The Hubble Telescope is actually turned off from taking observations when passing through the Anomaly, and the International Space Station avoids scheduling spacewalks when passing through it (which happens up to 5 times a day). It’s not just technical problems, either—some astronauts report seeing “shooting stars” in their visual field as they pass through.

The cause of all these problems isn’t fully understood. The main suspect is the high levels of radiation that accumulate at the anomaly, but scientists aren’t sure exactly how or why the effects occur. So let’s just pin this one on aliens.

3.  Lake Anjikuni-Colville-River-Alaska-1901-Usgs

Not content with just a few individuals disappearing, Lake Anjikuni decided to take things to the next level and provide the locale for the disappearance of an entire village. It all happened in November 1930, when a trapper named Joe Labelle was looking for shelter for the night. Labelle was familiar with the Inuit village, whose population ranges from 30-2000, depending on who you believe. He made his way there and found quite an eerie scene—the villagers were nowhere to be found. Everything else, including food and rifles, had been left behind.

Labelle telegraphed the RCMP and an investigation began. In the Village Burial Ground it was discovered that at least one (sources vary) grave had been opened, clearly not by animals, and emptied. Furthermore, about 300 feet from the village, the bodies of around 7 sled dogs were found, having starved to death despite open stores of food at the village. Some versions of the story even report strange lights being seen above the lake around the time of the disappearance.

So what really happened? There have been all sorts of claims about the cause for the disappearance, including aliens (of course), ghosts, and even vampires. The RCMP’s own website disregards the story as an urban legend, but with so many versions of it floating around from so many years ago, it’s hard to be certain. Except about the vampires, I think we can be certain it wasn’t vampires.

4.The Devil’s Sea-U6Xde8Yhxv

The Devil’s Sea (or Dragon’s Triangle, take your pick of which sounds more ominous) is an area of the Pacific Ocean as riddled with strange happenings as its Atlantic counterpart near Bermuda. Located off the coast of Japan, it’s been the site of countless claims of unexplained phenomena including magnetic anomalies, inexplicable lights and objects, and of course, mysterious disappearances. The area is even considered a danger by Japanese fishing authorities.

One story has it that in 1952 the Japanese government sent out a research vessel, the Kaio Maru No. 5, to investigate the mysteries of the Devil’s Sea. Naturally, of course, the Kaio Maru No. 5 and its crew of 31 people were never seen again. Another story tells of Kublai Khan’s disastrous attempts to invade Japan by crossing the Devil’s Sea, losing at least 40 000 men in the process.

The usual theories abound for what’s really going on: from aliens, to gates to parallel universes, even to Atlantis (because why not). Some suggest that high volcanic activity in the region is responsible for some of the disappearances (the Kaio Maru No. 5 may have been caught in an eruption). Our advice? Just stay out of the ocean, period.

5. Bigelow Ranch-Ftduchesne2002-1A

Bigelow Ranch (formerly known as Skinwalker Ranch and Sherman Ranch) is a 480-acre property in northwest Utah that is home to countless UFO sightings, animal mutilations, and other strange occurrences. Though mysterious happenings have been documented since the 50’s, some of the most bizarre stories happened to a pair of ranchers named Terry and Gwen Sherman after they bought it in 1994.

The first day they moved on to the property, they saw a large wolf out in the pasture. They even went to pet the wolf as it seemed tame (to the curious reader, yes, this is always a good idea). It was docile with the Shermans, but ended up grabbing a calf by the snout through the bars of its enclosure. When Terry shot at the wolf with a pistol, the bullets had no effect. It finally left after Terry brought out the shotgun, though even that didn’t do any actual damage. The Shermans tried tracking the wolf, but it’s tracks stopped abruptly as if it had vanished.

And that wasn’t the end of things. The Shermans were constantly plagued by such events as UFO sightings, intelligent floating orbs (reputed to have incinerated three of their dogs), inexplicable cryptids, and gruesome cattle mutilations. It got so bad that the Shermans actually sold their ranch to Robert Bigelow in 1996, the founder of the National Institute for Discovery Science, who wanted to study the mysteries surrounding the ranch. Bigelow owns the ranch to this day and NIDS keeps a tight lid on their findings.

6.Point Pleasant-Silver

Point Pleasant was probably aptly named at one point, but it is now so shrouded in tales of mysterious and creepy events as to be nothing but an ironic alliteration. The most famous of these events involves a creature known as Mothman, who reputedly terrorized the small West Virginia community from November 1966 to December 1967. Over a hundred different citizens of Point Pleasant are eyewitnesses to this creature, a 7-foot tall broad chested man with hypnotic, glowing red eyes, and wings that stretch 10 feet long and drag behind him on the ground.

The Mothman, who’s been the subject of both a book and a movie (and who has his own statue in Point Pleasant), has many possible explanations. Some believe him to be an extraterrestrial, others a mutant or a cryptid, and some suggest the people of Point Pleasant were actually being scared by owls or a Sandhill Crane. Whatever the case, reports of Mothman stopped after the Silver Bridge collapsed on December 15, 1967, killing 46 people and leading many to believe that the two events were somehow connected.

In addition to Mothman, several other paranormal tales from Point Pleasant include UFO sightings and reports of so-called “Men In Black”—human looking creatures who unnerve others by the sheer abundance of peculiarities in their speech, appearance, and mannerisms. These “men” supposedly appear looking for information about the paranormal (or rather, people who have this information).

7.Michigan Triangle-4561213366 402X233

The Michigan Triangle is another geographical triangle, located in the middle of Lake Michigan. It, too, is the site of mysterious disappearances of both land and sea craft. Some of the more famous ones include:

Captain Donner: On April 28, 1937, Captain George R. Donner of the O.M. McFarland was on his way from Erie, Pennsylvania, to Port Washington, Wisconsin, and had to pass through the triangle. As the story goes, he was exhausted and retired to his cabin, leaving the second mate to wake him when they neared their destination. About three hours later, when the second mate went to do so, Donner was not in his cabin. Nor was he in the galley. An exhaustive search of the ship was conducted, but he was never found.

Flight 2501: On June 23, 1950, Northwest Airlines Flight 2501 was on its way from New York to Minneapolis at the hands of experienced pilot Robert C. Lind, and was carrying 58 passengers. Due to bad weather, when the flight was near Chicago it changed course and turned over Lake Michigan. Around midnight, Lind requested permission to drop altitude from 3500 ft to 2500 ft, without ever specifying a reason. His request was denied, and that was the last communication Flight 2501 ever had. It’s last known position was supposedly within the Michigan Triangle.

While sources vary as to what amount of wreckage of Flight 2501 has been found (some say nothing, whereas others specify assorted floating debris such as seat cushions and the like), it seems clear that the plane crashed into the water. Mysterious, however, is that the plane was in perfectly good condition and in capable hands at the time of the disappearance. What’s more, despite searches still being conducted annually, neither the body of the plane nor complete human remains have ever been recovered.

8.  San Luis Valley-San Luis Valley Original

San Luis Valley, in southern Colorado, is an area high in inexplicable phenomena including UFO sightings and hundreds of unexplained farm animal mutilations. UFO sightings are so common that a woman named Judy Messoline has even set up a UFO watchtower on her property, which has witnessed over 50 UFO sightings since 2000 alone. Some of these are observed by dozens of people at a time.

For the UFO skeptics out there, far more chilling are the tales of animal mutilations from the region. They began in 1967, with a horse named Snippy. Snippy was found one morning with her brain missing, and her neck bones completely cleaned. Since then, hundreds if not thousands of inexplicable animal mutilations have occurred in the region, sharing several things in common—firstly, there is never a trace of blood around the animals, and secondly, the animals are all damaged with precise cuts, distinctly not the work of predators. Finally, all of the mutilations happen overnight to otherwise healthy creatures.

Investigations into the incidents haven’t wielded any results, yet they continue to this day. Some farmers report seeing strange lights in the sky the nights before finding a carcass, leading some to believe that extraterrestrials are involved. Though it’s hard to imagine aliens caring so much about farm animals in Colorado, the alternative isn’t much more appealing—that humans are the so-called “Phantom Surgeons of the Plains”. Personally, I’d rather it was aliens.

9.  Bennington Triangle-33-Geo11

Oh look, another triangle. This one is found in southwestern Vermont, and is the site of a string of 5 mysterious disappearances between 1945-1950, related in no way but geographic location. These include:

Middie Rivers, 75 years old, was out leading a group of hunters on November 12, 1945. On their way back, he got ahead of his group and was never seen again. Only a single rifle shell found in a stream was recovered as evidence.

Paula Welden was an 18 year old sophomore of Bennington College who was out hiking on December 1, 1946. She never returned and no trace of her was ever found.

Exactly 3 years later, on December 1, 1949, a veteran named James E. Tetford was taking a bus back to his home at the Bennington Soldier’s Home, returning from a visit with relatives. Witnesses saw him on the bus the stop before this, but when the bus arrived at his destination he was nowhere to be seen. His luggage was still on the bus.

Eight year old Paul Jepson disappeared on October 12, 1950, while his mother was busy feeding the pigs. Despite having a highly visible red jacket, none of the search parties formed were able to find the boy.

The last disappearance was a woman named Frieda Langer. On October 28, 1950, she was hiking with her cousin on Glastenbury Mountain when she slipped in a stream. She decided to go back quickly and change her clothes, and, if you’ve been paying attention so far, you’ll surmise that she was never seen again. Well, not exactly—she’s the only victim whose body was ever recovered, though it was only found on May 12, 1951 (about 6 months later), in an area that had been thoroughly searched after her disappearance. The body was in such a mangled shape that no cause of death could be determined.

Though many theories abound, including aliens, bigfoot-like monsters, or some unknown serial killer, there’s one thing we know for sure: it’s a good idea to stay the hell away from triangles.

10. Bridgewater Triangle-Hili

No, seriously—stay away from triangles. Especially this one. The Bridgewater Triangle, an area of about 200 square miles in Southeastern Massachusetts just south of Boston, is like an all you can eat buffet of the supernatural.

Among other things, the area has been subject to numerous cryptozoological sightings. Since the 1970’s there have been several reports of tall, hairy, ape-like creatures roaming the swamp. There have also been numerous sightings of Thunderbirds, giant Pterodactyl-like creatures that have been seen fighting in midair. In 1976 there was a report of a man who saw a giant, ghostly, red-eyed dog rip the throats out of two of his ponies.

Besides these cryptids, there have been numerous reports of mutilated animals (mainly cows and calves) in the region. Some credit these mutilations to satanic cults, but no one has come forward and no one even knows where the animals came from.

As if all this weren’t enough, the Bridgewater Triangle is a hotbed of UFO sightings, dating all the way back to 1760, when a “sphere of fire” was reportedly seen hovering over New England. Since then there have been numerous sightings of unexplained objects in the sky—including mysterious black helicopters. One from 1976 describes two UFOs landing along Route 44 near the city of Taunton, and another from 1994 recounts a strange triangular object with red and white lights seen by a Bridgewater Law Enforcement Officer. In 1908 on Halloween night, two undertakers who were traveling to Bridgewater noticed in the sky what looked like a “giant lantern”. They watched it for almost 40 minutes before it disappeared.

Bermuda isn’t looking so bad anymore.

Michael Alba has a skeptical fascination with the supernatural. Thanks…Twitter @MichaelPaulAlba.

                                                  Bermuda Triangle

Researchers attempt to determine what has caused hundreds of planes to mysteriously disappear in what is known as the Bermuda Triangle.

                The Bermuda Triangle is a mythical section of the Atlantic Ocean roughly bounded by Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico where dozens of ships and airplanes have disappeared. Unexplained circumstances surround some of these accidents, including one in which the pilots of a squadron of U.S. Navy bombers became disoriented while flying over the area; the planes were never found. Other boats and planes have seemingly vanished from the area in good weather without even radioing distress messages. But although myriad fanciful theories have been proposed regarding the Bermuda Triangle, none of them prove that mysterious disappearances occur more frequently there than in other well-traveled sections of the ocean. In fact, people navigate the area every day without incident.

Legend of the Bermuda Triangle

The area referred to as the Bermuda Triangle, or Devil’s Triangle, covers about 500,000 square miles of ocean off the southeastern tip of Florida. When Christopher Columbus sailed through the area on his first voyage to the New World, he reported that a great flame of fire (probably a meteor) crashed into the sea one night and that a strange light appeared in the distance a few weeks later. He also wrote about erratic compass readings, perhaps because at that time a sliver of the Bermuda Triangle was one of the few places on Earth where true north and magnetic north lined up.

Did You Know?

After gaining widespread fame as the first person to sail solo around the globe, Joshua Slocum disappeared on a 1909 voyage from Martha’s Vineyard to South America. Though it’s unclear exactly what happened, many sources later attributed his death to the Bermuda Triangle.

William Shakespeare’s play “The Tempest,” which some scholars claim was based on a real-life Bermuda shipwreck, may have enhanced the area’s aura of mystery. Nonetheless, reports of unexplained disappearances did not really capture the public’s attention until the 20th century. An especially infamous tragedy occurred in March 1918 when the USS Cyclops, a 542-foot-long Navy cargo ship with over 300 men and 10,000 tons of manganese ore onboard, sank somewhere between Barbados and the Chesapeake Bay. The Cyclops never sent out an SOS distress call despite being equipped to do so, and an extensive search found no wreckage. “Only God and the sea know what happened to the great ship,” U.S. President Woodrow Wilson later said. In 1941 two of the Cyclops’ sister ships similarly vanished without a trace along nearly the same route.

A pattern allegedly began forming in which vessels traversing the Bermuda Triangle would either disappear or be found abandoned. Then, in December 1945, five Navy bombers carrying 14 men took off from a Fort Lauderdale, Florida, airfield in order to conduct practice bombing runs over some nearby shoals. But with his compasses apparently malfunctioning, the leader of the mission, known as Flight 19, got severely lost. All five planes flew aimlessly until they ran low on fuel and were forced to ditch at sea. That same day, a rescue plane and its 13-man crew also disappeared. After a massive weeks-long search failed to turn up any evidence, the official Navy report declared that it was “as if they had flown to Mars.”

Bermuda Triangle Theories and Counter-Theories

By the time author Vincent Gaddis coined the phrase “Bermuda Triangle” in a 1964 magazine article, additional mysterious accidents had occurred in the area, including three passenger planes that went down despite having just sent “all’s well” messages. Charles Berlitz, whose grandfather founded the Berlitz language schools, stoked the legend even further in 1974 with a sensational bestseller about the legend. Since then, scores of fellow paranormal writers have blamed the triangle’s supposed lethalness on everything from aliens, Atlantis and sea monsters to time warps and reverse gravity fields, whereas more scientifically minded theorists have pointed to magnetic anomalies, waterspouts or huge eruptions of methane gas from the ocean floor.

In all probability, however, there is no single theory that solves the mystery. As one skeptic put it, trying to find a common cause for every Bermuda Triangle disappearance is no more logical than trying to find a common cause for every automobile accident in Arizona. Moreover, although storms, reefs and the Gulf Stream can cause navigational challenges there, maritime insurance leader Lloyd’s of London does not recognize the Bermuda Triangle as an especially hazardous place. Neither does the U.S. Coast Guard, which says: “In a review of many aircraft and vessel losses in the area over the years, there has been nothing discovered that would indicate that casualties were the result of anything other than physical causes. No extraordinary factors have ever been identified.”

The Bermuda Triangle

Learn more about the Bermuda Triangle mystery with our interesting facts, secrets, history and theories. Are the reported ship and aircraft incidents and disappearances related to some kind of supernatural force or have the mysterious stories been exaggerated?Perhaps science can offer some answers, maybe the Bermuda Triangle is actually no different from other parts of the ocean. Enjoy our facts and information and decide for yourself. Located in the Atlantic Ocean, the Bermuda Triangle falls between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida.The Bermuda Triangle has long been believed to be the site where a number of mysterious plane and boat incidents have occurred. While it has become part of popular culture to link the Bermuda Triangle to paranormal activity, most investigations indicate bad weather and human error are the more likely culprits. Research has suggested that many original reports of strange incidents in the Bermuda Triangle were exaggerated and that the actual number of incidents in the area is similar to that of other parts of the ocean. While its reputation may scare some people, the Bermuda Triangle is actually part of a regularly sailed shipping lane with cruise ships and other boats also frequently sailing through the area. Aircraft are also common in the Bermuda Triangle with both private and commercial planes commonly flying through the air space. Stories of unexplained disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle started to reach public awareness around 1950 and have been consistently reported since then.    Unverified supernatural explanations for Bermuda Triangle incidents have included references to UFO’s and even the mythical lost continent of Atlantis.   Other explanations have included magnetic anomalies, pirates, deliberate sinkings, hurricanes, gas deposits, rough weather, huge waves and human error. Some famous reported incidents involving the Bermuda Triangle include:

The USS Cyclops and its crew of 309 that went missing after leaving Barbados in 1918.

The TBM Avenger bombers that went missing in 1945 during a training flight over the Atlantic.  A Douglas DC-3 aircraft containing 32 people that went missing in 1958, no trace of the aircraft was    ever found.    A yacht was found in 1955 that had survived three hurricanes but was missing all its crew.

OLD GREEK COIN -2100 YEAR

2,100 year-old Greek coin may have marked rare astronomical event

 

New research suggests that this coin marks an eclipse of Jupiter by the moon.
It happened on January 17, 121 BC and was visible in Antioch, the capital of
the Seleucid Empire.  The coin itself show Zeus with a crescent moon above his head and
a star like object hovering above the palm of his right hand.  

An unusual Greek coin, minted around 120 BC, may have marked a moment in time when people in ancient Syria saw Jupiter being blocked out by the moon.

On one side is a portrait of Antiochos VIII, the king who minted it. On the reverse is a depiction of Zeus, either nude or half-draped, holding a sceptre in his left hand.  Above the god’s head is the crescent of the moon, and his right arm is outreached with a star like figure (that may in fact be Jupiter) hovering just above his palm.

“Nobody ever re-used this iconography again – it was a one off,” said Professor Robert Weir, of the University of Windsor in Canada, who presented his research recently at the annual meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. 

Antiochos VIII was ruler of the Seleucid Empire, a kingdom created by one of Alexander the Great’s officers, after the great conqueror died in 323 BC. By the time of Antiochos this realm was composed of a rump of territory centred on the city of Antioch, in south-eastern Turkey.

The empire had been in decline for some time, with the Parthians gaining territory in the east, the Romans in the west and the Hasmoneans, a dynasty of Jewish kings, coming to power in the south.

Antiochos’s rise to the throne was brutal to say the least. His mother was a woman named Cleopatra Thea, and he started his rule having to share the throne with her. “She was a very oppressive, domineering sort of woman as far as we can gather,” said Professor Weir. “She had just killed his brother for no good reason.”

Perhaps fearing for his own life Antiochos VIII had her put to death in 121 BC, making him sole ruler of what was left of the Seleucid kingdom. 

Why the cosmic iconography?

Weir is a Classics professor with an interest in astronomy and ancient coins. He was curious why Antiochos VIII would mint a piece of currency with such an unusual drawing – could there have been something going on in the night sky?

“I did some calculations to see what was visible from Antioch, the capital of the Seleucid Empire – I came up with some interesting patterns.” Weir found that on January 17, 121 BC, the city’s residents would have seen Jupiter blocked out by the moon, an event modern day astronomers call an “occultation.”

Also “Jupiter, when it was eclipsed by the moon, was in the constellation of Cancer, which is a very significant constellation,” he said. “This means that there might be a great king coming, or being born – in Syria, because Cancer governs that part of the world the ancient astrologers believed.”

That wasn’t all that was going on in the night sky.

“I noticed that there were other favourable occultations happening at the same time. There was another occultation of Jupiter within the year and just a week after the first one there was an occultation of Venus which is also a very good omen,” he said.

Antiochos VIII, a king ruling a shrinking empire alongside his murderous mother, may have felt that the heavens were finally with him. “It was significant in a good way – an occultation of Jupiter has to do with omens for kings.”

Weir pointed out that astrologers were powerful figures in the ancient world and the discipline they practiced was influential. “These people were everywhere and we know they were influential in influencing emperors in Rome for instance,” he said.

“I think it’s fair to say they probably had a foot in the door in the court of the Seleucids.”

The heavens turn against him

Unfortunately for Antiochos VIII his rule would be anything but great. In the years that followed his empire would endure conflict, with one of his brothers, Antiochos IX, disputing his right to the throne. Eventually the two had to agree to divide what was left of the Seleucid kingdom.

In the meantime the king’s run of cosmic good luck had come to an end. Weir said that “a few years after he killed his mom there were (all) sorts of really bad luck eclipses of Mars and Saturn.”

Even worse, shortly before the coin stopped being minted, around 114 BC, “something happened in the heavens that happens only once every 2,000 years or so,” he said. “The moon eclipsed Mars and Saturn at the very same time.” An event “that’s about the worst omen you can get.”

The heavens, it seemed, had turned against the king.

TAMILNADU CASTE WITH POPULATION OF MALE AND FEMALE

List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu

List of notified Scheduled Castes

1 Adi Andhra

2 Adi Dravida

3 Adi Karnataka

4 Ajila

5 Arunthathiyar

6 Ayyanavar (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

7 Baira

8 Bakuda

9 Bandi

10 Bellara

11 Bharatar (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

12 Chakkiliyan

13 Chalavadi

14 Chamar, Muchi

15 Chandala

16 Cheruman

17 Devendrakulathan

18 Dom, Dombara, Paidi, Pano

19 Domban

20 Godagali

21 Godda

22 Gosangi

23 Holeya

24 Jaggali

25 Jambuvulu

26 Kadaiyan

27 Kakkalan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

28 Kalladi

29 Kanakkan, Padanna (in the Nilgiris district)b

30 Karimpalan

31 Kavara (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

32 Koliyan

33 Koosa

34 Kootan, Koodan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

35 Kudumban

36 Kuravan, Sidhanar

37 Madari

38 Madiga

39 Maila

40 Mala

41 Mannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

42 Mavilan

43 Moger

44 Mundala

45 Nalakeyava

46 Nayadi

47 Padannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

48 Pagadai

49 Pallan

50 Palluvan

51 Pambada

52 Panan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

53 Panchama

54 Pannadi

55 Panniandi

56 Paraiyan, Parayan, Sambavar

57 Paravan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

58 Pathiyan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

59 Pulayan, Cheramar

60 Puthirai Vannan

61 Raneyar

62 Samagara

63 Samban

64 Sapari

65 Semman

66 Thandan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)

67 Thoti

68 Tiruvalluvar

69 Vallon

70 Valluvan

71 Vannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

72 Vathiriyan

73 Velan

74 Vetan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

75 Vettiyan

76 Vettuvan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)a

The entry is to be read as “in Kanniyakumari district and Shencottah taluk of Tirunelveli district".

BACKWARD CLASSES

Agamudayar including Thozhu or Thuluva Vellala

Agaram Vellan Chettiar

Alwar, Azhavar and Alavar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District.)

Servai(except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts.)

Ansar

Arayar, Nulayar(in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Archakarai Vellala

Aryavathi(in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Ayira Vaisyar

Badagar

Billava

Bondil

Boyas (except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, The Nilgiris, Salem , Namakkal and Dharmapuri Districts). Pedda Boyar (except Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts) Oddars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Madurai,Theni and Dindigul Districts) Kaloddars (except Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem and Namakkal Districts) Nellorepet oddars (except Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts) Sooramari oddars ( except Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Chakkala (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram,Thanjavur Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul and the Nilgiris Districts)

Chavalakarar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Chettu or Chetty (including Kottar Chetty, Elur Chetty, Pathira Chetty,Valayal Chetty,Pudukadai Chetty ) ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Chowdry

Converts to Christianity from Scheduled Castes irrespective of the generation of conversion for the purpose of reservation of seats in Educational Institutions and for seats in Public Services

C.S.I formerly S.I.U.C (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Donga Dasaris (except Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Tiruchirapalli,Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai Chennai ,Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Dekkani Muslims

Devangar, Sedar

Dombs (except Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli ,Karur and Perambalur Districts) Dommars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts)

Dudekula

Enadi

Ezhavathy(in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Ezhuthachar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Ezhuva(in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Gangavar

Gavara, Gavarai and Vadugar(Vaduvar)(other than Kamma, Kapu,Balija and Reddi)

Gounder

Gowda (including Gammala, Kalali and Anuppa Gounder)

Hegde

Idiga

IllathuPillaimar, Illuvar, Ezhuvar and Illathar

Jhetty

Jogis (Except Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul Cuddalore, Villupuram, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Kabbera

Kaikolar, Sengunthar

Kaladi (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanatha puram, Madurai,Theni,Dindigul,Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts)

Kalari Kurup including Kalari Panicker (in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Kalingi

Kallar, Easanattu kallar, Gandharva Kottai Kallars(except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and pudukottai Districts) Kootappal Kallars-(except Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts) Piramalai Kallars- (except Sivaganga,Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram. Madurai. Theni, Dindigul, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Tiruvarur Districts)Periyasooriyur Kallars- (except Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Kallar Kula Thondaman

Kalveli Gounder

Kambar

Kammalar or Viswakarma , Viswakarmala (including Thattar, Porkollar, Kannar, Karumar, Kollar, Thacher, Kal Thacher, Kamsala and Viswa brahmin.

Kani, Kanisu, Kaniyar Pannikar

Kaniyala Vellalar

Kannada Saineegar ,Kannadiyar (Throughout the State) and Dasapalanjika (Coimbatore, Erode and the Nilgiris Districts)

Kannadiya Naidu

Karpoora Chettiar

Karuneegar (Seer Karuneegar, Sri Karuneegar, Sarattu Karuneegar, Kaikatti Karuneegar, Mathuvazhi Kanakkar, Sozhi Kanakkar, and Sunnambu Karuneegar)

Kasukkara Chettiar

Katesar, Pattamkatti

Kavuthiyar

Kerala Mudali

Kharvi

Khatri

Kongu Vaishnava

Kongu Vellalars( including Vellala Gounder, Nattu Gounder, Narambukkatti Gounder, Tirumudi Vellalar, Thondu Vellalar, Pala Gounder, Poosari, Gounder, Anuppa Vellala Gounder, Kurumba Gounder, Padaithalai Gounder, Chendalai Gounder, Pavalankatti Vellala Gounder, Pallavellala GounderSanku,Vellala Gounder,and Rathinagiri Gounder).

KoppalaVelama

Koteyar

Krishnanvaka (in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Kudikara Vellalar

Kudumbi ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Kuga Vellalar

Kunchidigar

Labbais including Rowthar and Marakayar (whether their spoken language is Tamil or Urdu)

Lambadi

Latin Catholics (in Kanniyakumari District andShenkottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District)

Lingayat (Jangama)

Mahratta (Non-Brahmin) (including Namdev Mahratta)

Malayar

Male

Maniagar

Mapilla

Maravars (except Thanjavur, Nagapattinum , Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Toothukudi Districts) Karumaravars Appanad Kondayam kottai Maravars –(except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Theni and Dindigul Districts.) Sambanad Maravars- (except Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, and Ramanathapuram Districts)

Moondrumandai Enbathunalu (84) Ur. Sozhia Vellalar

Mooppan

Muthuraja, Muthuracha, Muthiriyar, Mutharaiyar

Nadar, Shanar and Gramani ( including Christian Nadar, Christian Nadar, Christian Shanar and Christian Gramani )

Nagaram

Naikkar (in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Nangudi Vellalar

Nanjil Mudali ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Odar ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District

Odiya

Oottruvalanattu Vellalar

O.P.S. Vellalar

Ovachar

Paiyur Kotta Vellalar

Pamulu

Panar ( except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Caste )

Panisaivan ( including Virakodi Vellala )

**(Included in the List of OBC as per Central Govt. instruction Lr.No: 5783/BC1/95/3 Dt: 17.06.96.

Kathikarar in Kanniyakumari District

Pannirandam Chettiar or Uthama Chettiar

Parkavakulam ( including Surithimar, Nathamar, Malayamar, Moopanar and Nainar )

Perike ( including Perike Balija )

Perumkollar ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Podikara Vellalar

Pooluva Gounder

Poraya

Pulavar ( in Coimbatore and Erode Districts )

Pulluvar or Pooluva

Pusala

Reddy ( Ganjam )

Sadhu Chetty ( including Telugu Chetty, Twenty four Manai Telugu Chetty)

Sakkaravar or Kavathi ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Salivagana

Saliyar, Padmasaliyar, Pattusaliyar, Pattariyar, and Adhaviyar

Savalakkarar

Senaithalaivar, Senaikudiyar and Illaivaniar

Sheik

Sourashtra ( Patnulkarar )

Sozhiavellalar ( including Sozha Vellalar, Vetrilaikarar, Kodikalkarar and Keeraikarar )

Srisayar

Sundaram Chetty

Syed

Thogatta Veerakshatriya

Tholkollar ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Tholuva Naicker and Vetalakara Naicker

Thoraiyar

Thoriyar

Ukkirakula Kshatriya Naicker

Uppara, Uppillia and Sagara

Urali Gounder ( except Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur and Pudukottai District) and Orudaya Gounder or Oorudaya Gounder ( in Madurai ,Theni, Dindigul, Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruchirapalli, Karur , Perambalur, Pudukottai, Salem and Namakkal Districts )

Urikkara Nayakkar

Vallambar

Valmiki

Vaniyar, Vania Chettiar ( including Gandla, Ganika, Telikula and Chekkalar)

Veduvar and Vedar ( except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Castes)

Veerasaiva ( in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Velar

Vellan Chettiar

Veluthodathu Nair(in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District )

Vokkaligar ( including Vakkaligar, Okkaligar, Kappiliyar, Kappiliya, Okkaliga Gowda, Okkaliya- Gowda, Okkaliya- Gowder, Okkaliya Gowda )

Wynad Chetty ( The Nilgiris District )

Yadhava ( including Idaiyar, Telugu Speaking Idaiyar known as Vaduga Ayar or Vaduga Idaiyar or Golla and Asthanthra Golla )

Yavana

Yerukula

Converts to Chritianity from any Hindu Backward Classes Community or Most Backward Classes Community or Denotified Communities except the Converts to Christianity from Meenavar, Parvatharajakulam, Pattanavar, Sembadavar, Mukkuvar or Mukayar and Paravar

Orphans and destitute children who have lost their parents before reaching the age of ten and are destitutes; and who have nobody else to take care of them either by law or custom; and also who are admitted into any of the schools or orphanages run by the Government or recognized by the Government.

MOST BACKWARD CLASSES

Ambalakarar

Andipandaram

Bestha, Siviar

Bhatraju ( other than Kshatriya Raju )

Boyar, Oddar

Dasari

Dommara

Eravallar ( except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Tribe )

Isaivellalar

Jambuvanodai

Jangam

Jogi

Kongu Chettiar ( in Coimbatore and Erode Districts only)

Koracha

Kulala (including Kuyavar and Kumbarar )

Kunnuvar Mannadi

Kurumba

Kuruhini Chetty

Maruthuvar, Navithar, Mangala, Velakattalavar, Velakatalanair and Pronopakari

Mond Golla

Moundadan Chetty

Mahendra, Medara

Mutlakampatti

Narikoravar

Nokkar

Vanniakula Kshatriya ( including Vanniyar, Vanniya, Vannia Gounder, Gounder or Kander, Padayachi, Palli and Agnikula Kshatriya )

Paravar ( except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the Community is Scheduled Caste ) ( including converts to Christianity)

Meenavar ( Parvatharajakulam, Pattanavar, Sembadavar) ( including converts to Christianity )

Mukkuvar or Mukayar ( including converts to Christianity

Punnan Vettuva Gounder

Pannayar ( other than Kathikarar in Kanniyakumari District )

Sathatha Srivaishnava ( including Sathani, Chattadi and Chattada Srivaishnava )

Sozhia Chetty

Telugupatty Chetty

Thottia Naicker ( including Rajakambalam, Gollavar, Sillavar, Thockalavar and Thozhuva Naicker )

Thondaman

Valaiyar ( including Chettinad Valayars )

Vannar ( Salavai Thozhilalar ) ( including Agasa, Madivala, Ekali, Rajakula, Veluthadar and Rajaka) (except in Kanniyakumari District and Shencottah Taluk of Tirunelveli District where the community is a Scheduled Caste )

Vettaikarar

Vettuva Gounder

Yogeeswarar

DENOTIFIED COMMUNITIES

Attur Kilnad Koravars ( Salem,Namakkal, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga and Virudhunagar Districts )

Attur Melnad Koravars ( Salem and Namakkal District )

Appanad Kondayam kottai Maravar ( Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai,Theni and Dindigul Districts )

Ambalakarar ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Ambalakkarar ( Suriyanur, Tiruchirapalli District)

Boyas ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, The Nilgiris, Salem Namakkal and Dharmapuri Districts)

Battu Turkas

C.K. Koravars ( Cuddalore and Villupuram Districts )

Chakkala ( Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Madurai , Theni, Dindigul and the Nilgiris Districts )

Changyampudi Koravars ( Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts )

Chettinad Valayars ( Sivaganga, Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram Districts )

Dombs ( Pudukottai,Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts )

Dobba Koravars ( Salem and Namakkal Districts )

Dommars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts )

Donga Boya

Donga Ur.Korachas

Devagudi Talayaris

Dobbai Korachas ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Dabi Koravars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Donga Dasaris ( Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Chennai, Salem and Namakkal Districts )

Gorrela Dodda Boya

Gudu Dasaris

Gandarvakottai Koravars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur,Perambalur, Pudukottai Cuddalore and Villupuram Districts )

Gandarvakottai Kallars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur and Pudukottai Districts )

Inji Korvars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Jogis ( Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Chennai, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts )

Jambavanodai

Kaladis ( Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai,Theni, Dindigul, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Pudukottai,Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts )

Kal Oddars ( Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul,Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur,Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Toothukudi, Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Koravars ( Kancheepuram , Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Pudukottai,Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiravarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Tirunelveli, Thoothukadi, Chennai,Madurai, Theni, Dindigul and The Nilgiris Districts )

Kalinji Dabikoravars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Pudukottai Districts )

Kootappal Kallars ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Kala Koravars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Kalavathila Boyas

Kepmaris ( Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur and Perambalur Districts )

Maravars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Toothukudi Districts )

Monda Koravars

Monda Golla ( Salem and Namakkal Districts )

Mutlakampatti ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Nokkars ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Nellorepet Oddars ( Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Oddars ( Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli,Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Madurai, Theni and Dindigul Districts )

Pedda Boyas ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Ponnai Koravars ( Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts )

Piramalai Kallars ( Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Tiruvarur Districts )

Peria Suriyur Kallars ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Padayachi ( Vellayan Kuppam in Cuddalore District and Tennore in Tiruchirapalli District )

Punnan Vettuva Gounder ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Servai ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts )

Salem Melnad Koravars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Coimbatore, Erode, Pudukottai, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Salem, Namakkal, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Salem Uppu Koravars (Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Sakkaraithamadai Koravars (Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Saranga Palli Koravars

Sooramari Oddars (Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Sembanad Maravars (Sivaganga, Virudunagar and Ramanathapuram Districts)

Thalli Koravars(Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Telungapattti Chettis (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Thottia Naickers (Sivaganga , Virudunagar, Ramanathapuram, Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai. Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem, Namakkal,Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Coimbatore and Erode Districts)

Thogamalai Koravars orKepmaris (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Uppukoravars or Settipalli Koravars (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam , Tiruvarur, Pudukottai, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Vellore and Tiruvannamalai Districts)

Urali Gounders (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Wayalpad or Nawalpeta Korachas

Vaduvarpatti Koravars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudunagar, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Valayars (Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur, Pudukottai,Erode and Coimbatore Districts)

Vettaikarar (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Pudukottai Districts)

Vetta Koravars (Salem and Namakkal Districts)

Varaganeri Koravars ( Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Vettuva Gounder (Tiruchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur and Pudukottai Districts)

Pondicherry

1 Adi Andhra

2 Adi Dravida

3 Chakkiliyan

4 Jambuvulu

5 Kuravan

6 Madiga

7 Mala, Mala Masti

8 Paky

9 Pallan

10 Parayan, Sambavar ,Samban ,Thoti

13 Valluvan

14 Vetan

15 Vettiyan

=================================================

Population, Literates, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes  
by Districts

Tamil Nadu : Population                                                       (2001 Census)

State / District   Region  Population

                                Person  Male      Female

1              2              3              4              5

TAMILNADU      Total      62405679             31400909             31004770

                Rural      34921681             17531494             17390187

                Urban   27483998             13869415             13614583

1              Ariyalur                Total      695524                  346763                  348761 

                                Rural      616539                  307670                  308869 

                                Urban  78985    39093    39892 

2              Chennai               Total      4343645                2219539                2124106 

                                Rural      0              0              0 

                                Urban  4343645                2219539                2124106 

3              Coimbatore        Total      4271856                2176031                2095825 

                                Rural      1451653                734699                  716954 

                                Urban  2820203                1441332                1378871 

4              Cuddalore           Total      2285395                1150908                1134487 

                                Rural      1531034                771786                  759248 

                                Urban  754361                  379122                  375239 

5              Dharmapuri        Total      2856300                1473597                1382703 

                                Rural      2400354                1240122                1160232 

                                Urban  455946                  233475                  222471 

6              Dindigul                Total      1923014                968137                  954877 

                                Rural      1249762                629073                  620689  

                                Urban  673252                  339064                  334188 

7              Erode    Total      2581500                1309278                1272222 

                                Rural      1387537                705436                  682101 

                                Urban  1193963                603842                  590121 

8              Kancheepuram                 Total      2877468                1457242                1420226 

                                Rural      1342502                676095                  666407 

                                Urban  1534966                781147                  753819 

9              Kanniyakumari                  Total      1676034                832269                  843765 

                                Rural      582107                  289516                  292591 

                                Urban  1093927                542753                  551174 

10           Karur     Total      935686                  465538                  470148 

                                Rural      624430                  310922                  313508  

                                Urban  311256                  154616                  156640 

11           Madurai               Total      2578201                1303363                1274838 

                                Rural      1134025                573036                  560989 

                                Urban  1444176                730327                  713849 

12           Nagapattinam  Total      1488839                739074                  749765 

                                Rural      1158557                576010                  582547 

                                Urban  330282                  163064                  167218 

13           Namakkal            Total      1493462                759551                  733911 

                                Rural      948230                  482365                  465865 

                                Urban  545232                  277186                  268046 

14           Perambalur        Total      493646                  246141                  247505 

                                Rural      414426                  206807                  207619 

                                Urban  79220    39334    39886 

15           Pudukkottai       Total      1459601                724300                  735301 

                                Rural      1211217                600511                  610706 

                                Urban  248384                  123789                  124595 

16           Ramanathapuram            Total      1187604                583376                  604228 

                                Rural      885210                  433290                  451920 

                                Urban  302394                  150086                  152308 

17           Salem    Total      3016346                1563633                1452713 

                                Rural      1626162                852453                  773709 

                                Urban  1390184                711180                  679004 

18           Sivaganga            Total      1155356                566947                  588409 

                                Rural      829272                  405093                  424179 

                                Urban  326084                  161854                  164230 

19           Thanjavur            Total      2216138                1096638                1119500 

                                Rural      1467577                726493                  741084 

                                Urban  748561                  370145                  378416 

20           The Nilgiris          Total      762141                  378351                  383790 

                                Rural      307532                  151874                  155658 

                                Urban  454609                  226477                  228132 

21           Theni     Total      1093950                552986                  540964 

                                Rural      502109                  255152                  246957 

                                Urban  591841                  297834                  294007 

22           Thiruvallur           Total      2754756                1397407                1357349  

                                Rural      1254674                629052                  625622 

                                Urban  1500082                768355                  731727 

23           Thiruvarur           Total      1169474                580784                  588690 

                                Rural      932231                  463502                  468729 

                                Urban  237243                  117282                  119961 

24           Thoothukkudi    Total      1572273                766823                  805450 

                                Rural      907500                  439254                  468246 

                                Urban  664773                  327569                  337204 

25           Tiruchirappalli    Total      2418366                1208534                1209832 

                                Rural      1279204                638617                  640587 

                                Urban  1139162                569917                  569245 

26           Tirunelveli           Total      2723988                1333939                1390049 

                                Rural      1415742                688797                  726945 

                                Urban  1308246                645142                  663104 

27           Tiruvannamalai                 Total      2186125                1095859                1090266 

                                Rural      1785364                895738                  889626 

                                Urban  400761                  200121                  200640 

28           Vellore                 Total      3477317                1741083                1736234 

                                Rural      2169319                1088090                1081229 

                                Urban  1307998                652993                  655005 

29           Viluppuram        Total      2960373                1492442                1467931 

                                Rural      2533456                1277415                1256041 

                                Urban  426917                  215027                  211890 

30           Virudhunagar    Total      1751301                870376                  880925 

                                Rural      973956                  482626                  491330 

                                Urban  777345                  387750                  389595 

Source: Tamil Nadu Census 2001