IS RICEPULLING or CU-IR or RARE EARTH METAL DEALING/ BUSINESS IS LEGAL OR NOT?
1.THE INDIAN ANTIQUITY ACT AND
2.THE SECRET ACT,THE GIFT ACT,
3.FERA ,
4.FEMA,
5.INCOME TAX ACTS ARE
CATEGORICALLY EXPLAINED ,THIS RARE EARTH METAL OR ANTIQUE ITEMS BUSINESS IN SEVERAL RULES AND REGULATIONSIN THERE.
THE CU-IR ITEMS ARE COME IN THE LIST OF PRECIOUS METAL.NOW THIS SITUATION IRIDIUM IS VERY IMPOTENT ITEM FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,MEDICINE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
CU MEANS COPPER,IR MEANS IRIDIUM-(77)
THE PRECIOUS METAL OF IRIDIUM IS HAVING TWO MAIN ISOTOPES:
isotope data. Iridium has two isotopes,
Ir-191 and
Ir-193 and both are used in the production of radioactive material.
Ir-191 is used for the production of radioactive Ir-192. This Ir-192 is used as a radiation source in gamma cameras that are used for non-destructive testing
Is Iridium radioactive? Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days. It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt.
HOW TO FIND OUT ,IT IS IRIDIUM OR OTHER METAL?
Now this time many more metal detective machine or equipment are sale in local market. especially china market is sale in low price ,metal detective machines from online china market.Otherwise , MANY MORE EXPERIENCE PERSONS ARE BEING IN ALL STATE OF INDIA,Just search to google search engine,could you find out which one expert on there ,otherwise call me ,i will .......... to your metals.
IS AVAILABLE ANY SIMPLE METHOD IS USED FOR FIND OUT THIS METALS ?
Sure,When your head is very closely go to this type of metal or material, your hair is stand in straight with wrapping to do (it is very dangerous testing method)
Iridium-192: how dangerous is it?
Appearance:
Platinum-coloured, but with a slight yellowish cast.
What is it? IS IT RADIOACTIVITY ITEM?
YES,A radioactive isotope of the element iridium, which emits beta and gamma radiation as it decays.
Is it in the ground?
Unlike more stable isotopes iridium-191 and 193, iridium does not occur in nature.
Iridium-192 has industrial applications, and it's also used in medicine as a source of radiation to kill cancer cells.
stolen commercial radioactive isotopes that could potentially be used in a dirty bomb.
What's a dirty bomb?
A non-nuclear device using conventional explosives to spread radioactive material over a wide area.
We're all going to die! Calm down. There is a lot of unaccounted-for iridium-192 in the world – in the US particularly – but this a relatively small amount, and it is probable the thief or thieves don't even know what they have.
Is it dangerous?
Unlike some radioactive isotopes, iridium-192 loses its potency quite quickly. No respectable dirty-bomb maker would touch it."Just take the A681 east through Rawtenstall, and turn left when you see the bright-green glow."
THANKS:
https://www.theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2013/feb/19/iridium-192-how-dangerous-is-it
I AM PROFESSIONALLY ADVOCATE IN TAMILNADU, DAY BY DAY MANY MORE PERSONS ARE CALL ME WITH THEIR PHONE FOR THE PURPOSE ABOVE SAID QUESTION,AND THEY WANT LEGAL ADVICE FOR THIS TYPE OF BUSINESS.SO,I WILL EXPLAIN JUST SOCIETY AWARENESS PURPOSES ONLY ,NOT IN BUSINESS TO DO..
YES, I SAYS ,DEFINITELY IT IS A LEGALIZED BUSINESS IN INDIA, BUT,INTERNATIONALLY AND REGIONALLY LIVING ILLICIT PERSONS AND FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES PEOPLES ARE CREATE WRONGFUL ACTIVITIES IN THIS BUSINESS FOR THEIR WEALTH.
1.THE INDIAN ANTIQUITY ACT AND
2.THE SECRET ACT,THE GIFT ACT,
3.FERA ,
4.FEMA,
5.INCOME TAX ACTS ARE
CATEGORICALLY EXPLAINED ,THIS RARE EARTH METAL OR ANTIQUE ITEMS BUSINESS IN SEVERAL RULES AND REGULATIONSIN THERE.
THE CU-IR ITEMS ARE COME IN THE LIST OF PRECIOUS METAL.NOW THIS SITUATION IRIDIUM IS VERY IMPOTENT ITEM FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,MEDICINE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
CU MEANS COPPER,IR MEANS IRIDIUM-(77)
THE PRECIOUS METAL OF IRIDIUM IS HAVING TWO MAIN ISOTOPES:
isotope data. Iridium has two isotopes,
Ir-191 and
Ir-193 and both are used in the production of radioactive material.
Ir-191 is used for the production of radioactive Ir-192. This Ir-192 is used as a radiation source in gamma cameras that are used for non-destructive testing
Is Iridium radioactive? Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days. It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt.
HOW TO FIND OUT ,IT IS IRIDIUM OR OTHER METAL?
Now this time many more metal detective machine or equipment are sale in local market. especially china market is sale in low price ,metal detective machines from online china market.Otherwise , MANY MORE EXPERIENCE PERSONS ARE BEING IN ALL STATE OF INDIA,Just search to google search engine,could you find out which one expert on there ,otherwise call me ,i will .......... to your metals.
IS AVAILABLE ANY SIMPLE METHOD IS USED FOR FIND OUT THIS METALS ?
Sure,When your head is very closely go to this type of metal or material, your hair is stand in straight with wrapping to do (it is very dangerous testing method)
Iridium-192: how dangerous is it?
Appearance:
Platinum-coloured, but with a slight yellowish cast.
What is it? IS IT RADIOACTIVITY ITEM?
YES,A radioactive isotope of the element iridium, which emits beta and gamma radiation as it decays.
Is it in the ground?
Unlike more stable isotopes iridium-191 and 193, iridium does not occur in nature.
Iridium-192 has industrial applications, and it's also used in medicine as a source of radiation to kill cancer cells.
stolen commercial radioactive isotopes that could potentially be used in a dirty bomb.
What's a dirty bomb?
A non-nuclear device using conventional explosives to spread radioactive material over a wide area.
We're all going to die! Calm down. There is a lot of unaccounted-for iridium-192 in the world – in the US particularly – but this a relatively small amount, and it is probable the thief or thieves don't even know what they have.
Is it dangerous?
Unlike some radioactive isotopes, iridium-192 loses its potency quite quickly. No respectable dirty-bomb maker would touch it."Just take the A681 east through Rawtenstall, and turn left when you see the bright-green glow."
THANKS:
https://www.theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2013/feb/19/iridium-192-how-dangerous-is-it
WHAT IS IRIDIUM?
Iridium is a hard, brittle, and lustrous platinum group metal (PGM) that is very stable at high temperatures as well as in chemical environments.
Properties
Atomic Symbol: Ir
Atomic Number: 77
Element Category: Transition Metal
Density: 22.56g/cm3
Melting Point: 4471°F (2466°C)
Boiling Point: 8002°F (4428°C)
Mohs hardness: 6.5
Characteristics;
Pure iridium metal is an extremely stable and dense transition metal.
Iridium is considered the most corrosion resistant pure metal because of its resistance to attack from salts, oxides, mineral acids and aqua regia (a mixture of hydric and nitrochloric acids), while only being vulnerable to attack by molten salts such as sodium chloride and sodium cyanide.
The second most dense of all metal elements (behind only osmium, although this is debated), iridium, like other PGMs, has a high melting point and good mechanical strength at high temperatures.
Metallic iridium has the second highest modulus of elasticity of all metal elements, meaning that it is very stiff and resistant to deformation, characteristics that make it difficult to fabricate into usable parts but which make it a valuable alloy-strengthening additive. Platinum, when alloyed with 50% iridium, for example, is nearly ten times harder than when in its pure state.
History
Smithson Tennant is credited with the discovery of iridium while examining platinum ore in 1804.
However, crude indium metal was not extracted for another 10 years and a pure form of the metal was not produced until nearly 40 years after Tennant's discovery.
In 1834, John Isaac Hawkins developed the first commercial use for iridium. Hawkins had been searching for a hard material to form pen tips that would not wear out or break after repeated use.
After hearing about the properties of the new element, he acquired some iridium-containing metal from Tennant's colleague William Wollaston and began producing the first iridium-tipped gold pens.
In the second half of the 19th century, the British firm Johnson-Matthey took the lead in developing and marketing iridium-platinum alloys. One of the initial uses of which was in Witworth cannons, which saw during the American Civil War.
Prior to the introduction of iridium alloys, cannon vent pieces, which held the cannon's ignition, were notorious for deformation as a result of repeated ignition and high combustion temperatures. It was claimed that vent pieces made of iridium-containing alloys held their shape and form for over 3000 charges.
In 1908, Sir William Crookes designed the first iridium crucibles (vessels used for high-temperature chemical reactions), which he had produced by Johnson Matthey, and found had great advantages over pure platinum vessels.
The first iridium-ruthenium thermocouples were developed in the early 1930s and in the late 1960s, the development of dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) significantly increased demand for the element.
Development of the anodes, which consist of titanium metal coated with PGM oxides, was a major advancement in the chloralkali process for producing chlorine and caustic soda and the anodes continue to be a major consumer of iridium.
Production
Like all PGMs, iridium is extracted as a by-product of nickel, as well as from PGM rich ores.
PGM concentrates are often sold to refiners that specialize in the isolation of each metal.
Once any existing silver, gold, palladium and platinum are removed from the ore, the remaining residue is melted with sodium bisulfate in order to remove rhodium.
The remaining concentrate, which contains iridium, along with ruthenium and osmium, is melted with sodium peroxide (Na2O2) to remove ruthenium and osmium salts, leaving behind low purity iridium dioxide (IrO2).
By dissolving iridium dioxide in aqua regia, the oxygen content can be removed while producing a solution known as ammonium hexachloroiridate. An evaporation drying process, followed by burning with hydrogen gas, finally results in pure iridium.
Global production of iridium is limited to roughly 3-4 tons per year. Most of this originates from primary ore production, although some iridium is recycled from spent catalysts and crucibles.
South Africa is the main source of iridium, but the metal is also extracted from nickel ores in Russia and Canada.
The largest producers include Anglo Platinum, Lonmin and Norilsk Nickel.
Applications
Although iridium finds itself in a wide range of products, its end-uses can be generally categorized into four sectors:
Electrical
Chemical
Electrochemical
Other
According to Johnson Matthey, electrochemical uses accounted for nearly 30 percent of the 198,000 ounces consumed in 2013. Electrical applications accounted for 18 percent of total iridium consumption, while the chemical industry consumed approximately 10 percent. Other uses rounded out the remaining 42 percent of total demand.
Sources
Johnson Matthey. PGM Market Review 2012.
http://www.platinum.matthey.com/publications/pgm-market-reviews/archive/platinum-2012
USGS. Mineral Commodity Summaries: Platinum Group Metals. Source:
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/myb1-2010-plati.pdf
Chaston, J.C. "Sir William Crookes: Investigations on Iridium Crucibles and the Volatility of the Platinum Metals". Platinum Metals Review, 1969, 13 (2).
LIST OF PRECIOUS METALS
- Rhodium. This extremely rare, valuable and silvery-colored metal is commonly used for its reflective properties. ...
- Platinum. ...
- Gold. ...
- Ruthenium. ...
- Iridium. ...
- Osmium. ...
- Palladium. ...
- Rhenium.
